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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants |
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DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:Limber pine occurs from Alberta and British Columbia south to California, Arizona, and New Mexico. It is scattered widely across the Great Basin in Utah, Nevada, and into Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. Isolated populations occur in the Dakotas [65,69,86,104,106] and Nebraska [30,109]. The U.S. Geological Survey provides a distributional map of limber pine.
ECOSYSTEMS [31]:FRES20 Douglas-fir FRES21 Ponderosa pine FRES23 Fir-spruce FRES26 Lodgepole pine FRES29 Sagebrush FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub FRES35 Pinyon-juniper
STATES:
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [14]:4 Sierra Mountains 5 Columbia Plateau 6 Upper Basin and Range 7 Lower Basin and Range 8 Northern Rocky Mountains 9 Middle Rocky Mountains 10 Wyoming Basin 11 Southern Rocky Mountains 12 Colorado Plateau 15 Black Hills Uplift 16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER [60] PLANT ASSOCIATIONS:K008 Lodgepole pine-subalpine forest K011 Western ponderosa forest K012 Douglas-fir forest K015 Western spruce-fir forest K017 Black Hills pine forest K018 Pine-Douglas-fir forest K019 Arizona pine forest K020 Spruce-fir-Douglas-fir forest K021 Southwestern spruce-fir forest K022 Great Basin pine forest K023 Juniper-pinyon woodland K033 Chaparral K037 Mountain-mahogany-oak scrub K038 Great Basin sagebrush K046 Desert: vegetation largely lacking
SAF COVER TYPES [28]:206 Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir 208 Whitebark pine 209 Bristlecone pine 210 Interior Douglas-fir 217 Aspen 218 Lodgepole pine 219 Limber pine 220 Rocky Mountain juniper 237 Interior ponderosa pine 239 Pinyon-juniper 256 California mixed subalpine
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES [99]:109 Ponderosa pine shrubland 209 Montane shrubland 210 Bitterbrush 402 Mountain big sagebrush 412 Juniper-pinyon woodland 413 Gambel oak 415 Curlleaf mountain-mahogany 504 Juniper-pinyon pine woodland
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES:Plant community associates of limber pine are described below by state. California: In the Sierran subalpine, limber pine grows in association with Sierra lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana), bush chinquapin (Chrysolepsis sempervirens), greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula), curlleaf mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius), and whitethorn ceanothus (Ceanothus cordulatus) [81]. In montane areas of southern California, limber pine is reported with white fir (Abies concolor), Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi), singleleaf pinyon (P. monophylla), Sierra lodgepole pine, whitebark pine (P. albicaulis), foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), Great Basin bristlecone pine (P. longaeva), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), curlleaf mountain-mahogany, and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) [68,108]. Colorado: Tree associates include interior ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa var. scopulorum), Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (P. c. var. latifolia), subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), white fir, whitebark pine, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (P. aristata), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). Associated understory species include bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), common juniper (J. communis), big sagebrush, purple pinegrass (Calamagrostis purpurascens), spike fescue (Leucopoa kingii), and Thurber fescue (Festuca thurberi) [27,38,42,49,87,100]. Idaho: In Craters of the Moon National Monument, limber pine is commonly associated with antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus), and mountain big sagebrush (A. t. var. vaseyana). Associated grasses include Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides), and Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides) [12,23]. In the mountains of east-central Idaho, limber pine grows in association with Douglas-fir, subalpine fir, and whitebark pine [17]. Montana: Associated tree and shrub species include Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine, Engelmann spruce, whitebark pine, subalpine fir, quaking aspen, common juniper, creeping juniper (J. horizontalis), and Rocky Mountain juniper (J. scopulorum). Associated shrubs include snowberry (Symphoricarpos spp.), Wood's rose (Rosa woodsii), and russet buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis). Associated grasses include Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), rough rescue (F. altaica), and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) [5,55,83,85,91,107]. New Mexico: In the Sandia Mountains limber pine occurs with Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, white fir, quaking aspen, Engelmann spruce, and corkbark fir (A. l. var. arizonica) [7]. It co-occurs with southwestern white pine (P. strobiformis) in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains [116]. Nevada and Utah: Limber pine commonly occurs in association with Rocky Mountain bristlecone, interior ponderosa (P. ponderosa var. scopulorum), Rocky Mountain lodgepole, whitebark, Jeffrey, and singleleaf pinyon pines. It also occurs with Engelmann spruce, white fir, subalpine fir, quaking aspen, common juniper, and Utah juniper (J. osteosperma). Associated shrubs include Rocky mountain maple (Acer glabrum), Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii), and multiple species of sagebrush, mountain-mahogany, ceanothus, currant (Ribes spp.), manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.), and snowberry [9,37,82,114]. Oregon: In the Wallowa Mountains of eastern Oregon limber pine commonly occurs with Douglas-fir and Rocky Mountain juniper. Herbaceous associates include western yarrow (Achillea millefolium), sagebrush fleabane (Erigeron austiniae), and silverleaf phacelia (Phacelia hastata) [19]. South Dakota: A population of limber pine in the Black Hills is associated with interior ponderosa pine and white spruce (Picea glauca). Understory species include bearberry and common juniper [50]. Wyoming: Associated species reported for northwestern Wyoming include Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine, Engelmann spruce, whitebark pine, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, subalpine fir, Rocky Mountain juniper, and common juniper [13,24,70]. Published classifications that include limber pine as an indicator or dominant species are presented below: Arizona [67,79] California [51,92] Colorado [8,20,25,42,49,57] Idaho [102,103] Montana [85,91] North Dakota [32] New Mexico [20,25,67,79] Utah [41,73,127] Wyoming [1,102,124]
Related categories for SPECIES: Pinus flexilis | Limber Pine |
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