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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Abies balsamea | Balsam Fir
REFERENCES :
1. A. D. Revill Associates. 1978. Ecological eff. of fire and its mgmt. in
Canada's national parks: a synthesis of the literature. Vols 1&2. Lit.
Rev. & Annot. Bibliography. Ottawa, ON: Parks Canada, National Parks
Branch, Natural Resources Division. 345 p. [3416]
2. Apfelbaum, Steven; Haney, Alan. 1981. Bird populations before and after
wildfire in a Great Lakes pine forest. Condor. 83: 347-354. [8556]
3. Armson, K. A. 1988. The boreal mixedwood forests of Ontario: past,
present, and future. In: Samoil, J. K., ed. Management and utilization
of northern mixedwoods: Proceedings of a symposium; 1988 April 11-14;
Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-296. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry
Service, Northern Forestrty Centre: 13-17. [13041]
4. Arthur, Stephen M.; Krohn, William B.; Gilbert, James R. 1989. Habitat
use and diet of fishers. Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(3): 680-688.
[8671]
5. Bakuzis, E. V.; Hansen, H. L.; with contrib. by Kaufert, F. H.;
Lawrence, D. B.; Duncan, D. P.; [and others]. 1965. Balsam fir, Abies
balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; a monographic review. Minneapolis, MN: The
University of Minnesota Press. 445 p. [8432]
6. Frank, Robert M. 1990. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. balsam fir. In: Burns,
Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of
North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 26-35. [13365]
7. Bergeron, Yves; Dubuc, Michelle. 1989. Succession in the southern part
of the Canadian boreal forest. Vegetatio. 79: 51-63. [5042]
8. Bergerud, Arthur T.; Manuel, Frank. 1968. Moose damage to balsam
fir-white birch forests in central Newfoundland. Journal of Wildlife
Management. 32(4): 729-746. [14203]
9. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
10. Crete, Michel; Jordan, Peter A. 1982. Production and quality of forage
available to moose in southwestern Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest
Research. 12: 151-159. [8229]
11. Damman, A. W. H. 1964. Some forest types of central Newfoundland and
their relation to environmental factors. Forest Science Monograph 8.
Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 62 p. [14281]
12. Dansereau, Pierre. 1959. The principal plant associations of the Saint
Lawrence Valley. No. 75. Montreal, Canada: Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ.
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13. Day, R. J.; Bell, F. W. 1988. Development of crop plans for hardwood and
conifer stands on boreal mixedwood sites. In: Samoil, J. K., ed.
Management and utilization of northern mixedwoods: Proceedings of a
symposium; 1988 April 11-14; Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-296.
Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestrty Centre:
87-98. [13050]
14. Day, R. J.; Harvey, E. M. 1981. Forest dynamics in boreal mixedwood. In:
Whitney, R. D.; McClain, K. M., compilers. Boreal mixedwood: Proceedings
of a symposium; [Date of conference unknown]; [Location of conference
unknown]. COJFRC Symp. Proc. O-P-9. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Environment
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in upland forest at Candle Lake, Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of
Botany. 49: 657-676. [12808]
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true fir seeds--a review. In: Oliver, Chadwick Dearing; Kenady, Reid M.,
eds. Proceedings of the biology and management of true fir in the
Pacific Northwest symposium; 1981 February 24-26; Seattle-Tacoma, WA.
Contribution No. 45. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, College of
Forest Resources; Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: 113-137.
[11894]
17. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
18. Foster, David R. 1983. The history and pattern of fire in the boreal
forest of southeastern Labrador. Canadian Journal of Botany. 61:
2459-2471. [9683]
19. Foster, David R. 1985. Vegetation development following fire in Picea
mariana (black spruce) - Pleurozium forests of south-eastern Labrador,
Canada. Journal of Ecology. 73: 517-534. [7222]
20. Foster, D. R.; King, G. A. 1986. Veg. pattern & diversity in s.e.
Labrador, Canada: Betula papyrifera (Birch) forest development in
relation to fire history & physiography. Journal of Ecology. 74:
465-483. [14651]
21. Frank, Robert M. 1990. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. balsam fir. In: Burns,
Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of
North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 26-35. [13365]
22. Frank, Robert M.; Bjorkbom, John C. 1973. A silvicultural guide for
spruce-fir in the northeast. NE-6. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 29
p. [8686]
23. Frank, Robert M.; Blum, Barton M. 1978. The selection system of
silviculture in spruce-fir stands--procedures, early results, and
comparisons with unmanaged stands. Res. Pap. NE-425. Upper Darby, PA:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station. 15 p. [8772]
24. Franklin, Jerry F. 1974. Abies Mill. fir. In: Schopmeyer, C. S.,
technical coordinator. Seeds of woody plants in the United States.
Agric. Handb. 450. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service: 168-183. [7566]
25. Furyaev, V. V.; Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A. 1983. Fire influences
in Abies-dominated forests. In: Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds.
The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Scope 18.
Chichester; New York: John Wiley & Sons: 221-234. [14610]
26. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
27. Hansen, H. L.; Krefting, L. W.; Kurmis, V. 1973. The forest of Isle
Royale in relation to fire history and wildlife. Tech. Bull. 294;
Forestry Series 13. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota,
Agricultural Experiment Station. 44 p. [8120]
28. Heinselman, Miron L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary
Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research. 3: 329-382. [282]
29. Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native trees of Canada. 7th ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Forestry. 380 p. [3375]
30. Johnston, William F. 1986. Manager's handbook for balsam fir in the
North Central States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-111. St. Paul, MN: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest
Experiment Station. 27 p. [9219]
31. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
32. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native
and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p. [2952]
33. Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession
following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall
Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council
fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No.
14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373. [1496]
34. MacLean, David A. 1980. Vulnerability of fir-spruce stands during
uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreaks: a review and discussion. Forestry
Chronicle. 56: 213-221. [14609]
35. MacLean, D. W. 1949. Forest development on the Goulais River watershed,
1910-1946. Silvicultural Res. Note No. 94. Ottawa, Canada: Department of
Mines and Resources, Mines, Forests and Scientific Services Branch,
Dominion Forest Service. 54 p. [14607]
36. MacLean, D. W. 1960. Some aspects of the aspen-birch-spruce-fir type in
Ontario. Tech. Note No. 94. Ottawa, Canada: Department of Forestry,
Forest Research Division. 24 p. [14608]
37. Methven, Ian R.; Murray, W. G. 1974. Using fire to eliminate understory
balsam fir in pine management. Forestry Chronicle. 50(2): 77-79. [7631]
38. McRae, D. J. 1986. Prescribed burning for stand conversion in
budworm-killed balsam fir: an Ontario case history. Forestry Chronicle.
62(2): 96-100. [12379]
39. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Ream, Robert R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant
communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Res. Pap. NC-63. St.
Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central
Forest Experiment Station. 55 p. [9271]
40. Parker, Robert, compiler. 1982. Reaction of various plants to 2,4-D,
MCPA, 2,4,5-T, silvex and 2,4-DB. Pullman, WA: Washington State
University, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension. 61 p. In
cooperation with: U.S. Department of Agriculture. [1817]
41. Peek, J. M. 1974. A review of moose food habits studies in North
America. Le Naturaliste Canadien. 101: 195-215. [7420]
42. Place, I. C. M. 1955. The influence of seed-bed conditions on the
regeneration of spruce and balsam fir. Bulletin 117. Ottawa, Canada:
Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, Forestry Branch,
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43. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
44. Rowe, J. S.; Scotter, G. W. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quaternary
Research. 3: 444-464. [72]
45. Rudolf, Paul O. 1966. Botanical and commercial range of balsam fir in
the Lake States. Res. Note NC-16. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 4
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46. Samoil, J. K., ed. 1988. Management and utilization of northern
mixedwoods: Proceedings of a symposium; 1988 April 11-14; Edmonton, AB.
Inf. Rep. NOR-X-296. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry Service, Northern
ForestryCentre. 163 p. [13039]
47. Seymour, Frank Conkling. 1982. The flora of New England. 2d ed.
Phytologia Memoirs 5. Plainfield, NJ: Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L.
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48. Starker, T. J. 1932. Fire resistance of trees of northeast United
States. Forest Worker. 8(3): 8-9. [81]
49. Stocks, B. J. 1987. Fire potential in the spruce budworm-damaged forests
of Ontario. Forestry Chronicle. 63(1): 8-14. [12369]
50. Stocks, Brian J.; Alexander, Martin E. 1980. Forest fire behaviour and
effects research in northern Ontario: a field oriented program. In:
Martin, Robert E.; Edmonds, Robert L.; Faulkner, Donald A.; [and
others], eds. Proceedings, 6th conference on fire and forest
meteorology; 1980 April 22-24; Seattle, WA. Washington, DC: Society of
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51. Telfer, Edmund S. 1972. Browse selection by deer and hares. Journal of
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52. Thomas, P. A.; Wein, Ross W. 1985. The influence of shelter and the
hypothetical effect of fire severity on the postfire establishment of
conifers from seed. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 148-155.
[7291]
53. Thompson, Ian D.; Curran, William J. 1989. Moose damage to
pre-commercially thinned balsam fir stands: review of research and
management implications. Inf. Rep. N-X-272. St. John's, NF: Forestry
Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador Region. 17 p. [13648]
54. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
55. Weetman, G. F. 1983. Management of balsam fir in eastern North America.
In: Oliver, Chadwick Dearing; Kenady, Reid M., eds. Proceedings of the
biology and management of true fir in the Pacific Northwest symposium;
1981 February 24-26; Seattle-Tacoma, WA. Contribution No. 45. Seattle,
WA: University of Washington, College of Forest Resources: 221-225.
[14523]
56. Zoladeski, C. A. 1988. Classification and gradient analysis of forest
vegetation of Cape Enrage, Bic Park, Quebec. Le Naturaliste Canadien.
115(1): 9-18. [13610]
57. Jones, R. Keith; Pierpoint, Geoffrey; Wickware, Gregory M.; [and
others]. 1983. Field guide to forest ecosystem classification for the
Clay Belt, site region 3e. Maple, Ontario: Ministry of Natural
Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute. 160 p. [16163]
Related categories for Species: Abies balsamea
| Balsam Fir
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