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John Ronald Reuel Tolkien 1892–1973, British novelist. A fantasy writer, Tolkien wrote The Hobbit (1937), adapted from stories he told his children. His characters reappear in The Lord of the Rings (1954–55), a trilogy in which he details the life, history, and cosmology of the mythological Middle Earth, and for which he invented several languages, most notably Elvish. He was also a respected medieval scholar.
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