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Gerhard SchrOder[ger´hArt] Pronunciation Key, 1944–, chancellor of Germany (1998–), b. Mosenburg, Germany. A telegenic lawyer and Social Democrat, he entered politics as a Marxist student in the 1960s and was elected to the Bundestag in 1980. From 1990 to 1998 he was the premier of Lower Saxony state and moved closer to the center of the political spectrum. In 1998 he led the Social Democrats to a national electoral victory over the Christian Democrats and Helmut Kohl, Germany's chancellor since 1982. SchrOder came to power as a representative of a pragmatic "new middle" similar to those proclaimed by U.S. president Bill Clinton and British prime minister Tony Blair.
The first months of SchrOder's chancellorship were marked by policy disputes with his more strongly socialist finance minister (and Social Democratic party chairman) Oskar Lafontaine, who resigned in Mar., 1999. After the Social Democrats subsequently suffered a series of electoral defeats on the state level, however, SchrOder moved to shore up his standing with the left, but he also subsequently won passage (2000) of reductions in individual and corporate taxes and positioned the Social Democrats as modernizing force. Internationally, he pursued a less European Union– and NATO-centered foreign policy than his predecessor, establishing good relations with Russia. He also supported the United States in its attacks on terrorists in Afghanistan, which strained relations the Green party, his coalition partners.
SchrOder's coalition narrowly retained power in the 2002 elections, which increased his dependence on support from the Greens. The Social Democrats' electoral setbacks led him to move forward more modestly with reforms in his second term, despite Germany's weak economy. In the election campaign SchrOder ignited a transatlantic controversy by categorically rejecting any German participation in military action against Iraq; he became a strong opponent of any use of force in the subsequent months leading up to the U.S. invasion of Iraq (Mar., 2003).
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