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babesiosis[bubE´´bEO´sis] Pronunciation Key, tick-borne disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Babesia. Babesiosis most commonly affects domestic and wild animals and can be a serious problem in cattle. In most cases the protozoal species is specific to a single host. The organisms enter the blood via a tick bite, then infect the red blood cells where they reproduce by cell division.
Human babesiosis, sometimes called Nantucket fever, was first diagnosed after an outbreak on Nantucket Island, off the coast of Massachusetts, in the 1970s. The causative organism, Babesia microti, is related to the one that causes malaria, and is transmitted by the deer tick that also hosts the organisms that cause Lyme disease and human erhlichiosis. The main symptoms are fever and chills; treatment is with a combination of antimalarial drugs.
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