Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Structure of Investmnets by Economic Sector, Selected Years, 1951-80

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1951-55	1966-70	1976- 80
Industry
Group A (heavy industry)	46.7	42.3	42.1
Group B (light industry)	7.0	7.6	7.1
Total industry	53.7	49.9	49.2
Construction	3.6	3.8	5.9
Agriculture and forestry	11.3	16.0	13.7
Transportation and communications	10.3	10.2	10.6
Housing	10.1	9.4	10.2
Other	11.0	10.7	10.4
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from Michael Shafir, Romania: Politics, Economics, and Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1985, 108.

Table 3. Projected State Budget Revenues, 1989

(in millions of lei)*
Source of Revenue	Amount
Self-financed state enterprises, cooperatives, and public units
Profit payments	55,220.2
Turnover taxes	233,283.0
Taxes on incomes of public units and cooperatives	2,658.0
Total	291,161.2
Income taxes on the wage fund	50,924.0
State social insurance	47,275.0
Direct income taxes	5,727.4
Taxes on agricultural cooperatives	1,590.0
Unexplained sources of revenue	26,795.9
TOTAL	423,473.5

*For value of the leu--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from "Legea planului national unic de dezvoltare economico-sociala a Republicii Socialiste România pe anul 1989," Scînteia [Bucharest], December 2, 1988, 1-2.

Table 4. Projected State Budget Expenditures, 1989

(in millions of lei)*
Sector	Amount
Financing the national economy	183,373.4
Social and cultural needs	107,041.8
Defense	11,753.3
Administration, court system	4,000.7
Scientific research and development and application of new technologies	1,103.0
Expenditures not itemized	116,201.3
TOTAL	423,473.5

*For value of the leu--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from "Legea planului national unic de dezvoltare economico-sociala a Republicii Socialiste România pe anul 1989," Scînteia [Bucharest], December 2, 1988, 1-2.

Table 5. Structure of the Labor Force by Sector, 1950 and 1982

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1950	1982
Industry	12.0	36.5
Agriculture	74.1	28.6
Construction	2.2	7.7
Transportation	1.9	6.2
Trade	2.5	5.9
Municipal services, education, and arts	2.3	4.1
Public health	1.1	2.8
Science and scientific services	0.2	1.1
Telecommunications	0.3	0.8
Administration	1.7	0.6
Forestry	0.2	0.4
Other	1.5	5.3
TOTAL	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from East European Economic Handbook, London, 1985, 202.

Table 6. Trading Partners, 1960, 1970, and 1980

**(in percentages)**
Type of Partner	1960	1970	1980
Comecon countries	66.8	49.0	33.7
Other socialist countries	6.2	6.8	6.8
Advanced capitalist countries	22.1	35.6	32.8
Developing countries	4.6	8.2	25.2
Other countries	0.3	0.4	1.5
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from Michael Shafir, Romania: Politics, Economics, and Society, Boulder, Colorado, 1985, 49.

Table 7. Foreign Trade by Commodity Group, 1950, 1975, and, 1950-80

**(in percentages)**
	1950		1975		1985
Commodity Group	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imp orts	Exports	Imports
Fuels, minerals, and metals	33.8	23.5	30.4	51.0
Machinery and equipment	4.2	38.3	22.8	40.3	34.7	26.7
Industrial consumer goods	1.3	10.2	18.1	5.5	16.9	4.2
Chemical products	1.7	4.5	7.0	6.7	9.8	6.4
Other nonfood raw materials	28.9	21.4	10.2	10.1	4.4	5.6
Foodstuffs	14.1	0.3	12.1	3.0	6.3	2.3
Other	16.0	1.8	7.1	4.0	3.0	3.8
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from Romania, Anuarul Statistic al Republicii Socialiste România, 1986, Bucharest, 1987, 294.

Table 8. Planned Changes in the Energy Balance, 1980 and 1990

**(in percentages)**
Energy Source	1980	1990
Oil and gas	40	5
Coal	40	44
Hydroelectric	18	24
Nuclear	0	18
Other	2	9
TOTAL	100	100

Source: Based on information from Richard F. Staar, Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, Stanford, California, 1988, 206.

Table 9. Growth of the Electric Power Industry, Selected Years, 1950-90

Year	Installed Capacity	Output
	(in megawatts)	(in gigawatt- hours)
1950	740	2,113
1960	1,779	7,650
1970	11,578	53,721
1980	16,109	67,034
1990*	23,018	n.a.

n.a.--not available.
*As projected.

Source: Based on information from "Elektroenergekika Sotsialisticheskoi Respubliki Rumynii," Elektricheskie stantsii [Moscow], No. 11, 1986, 74-75.

Table 10. Membership of the Romanian Communist Party, 1970 and 1988

	1970		1988
Group	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Workers	867,290	43.4	2,042,951	55.1
Peasants	531,447	26.6	575,751	15.5
Intelligentsia	481,083	24.0	757,157	20.4
Pensioners and housewives	119,900	6.0	333,876	9.0
TOTAL	1,999,720	100.0	3,709,735	100.0

Source: Based on information from Richard F. Staar, Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, Stanford, California, 1988, 196.

Romania - TABLE OF CONTENTS