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Appendix B -- Angola
1988 REGIONAL ACCORDS
Tripartite Agreement, December 22, 1988
AGREEMENT AMONG THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
ANGOLA, THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA, AND THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
The Governments of the People's Republic of Angola, the
Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa, hereinafter
designated as "the Parties," Taking into account the "Principles
for a Peaceful Settlement in Southwestern Africa," approved by the
Parties on 20 July 1988, and the subsequent negotiations with
respect to the implementation of these Principles, each of which is
indispensable to a comprehensive settlement,
Considering the acceptance by the Parties of the implementation
of United Nations Security Council Resolution 435 (1978), adopted
on 29 September 1978, hereinafter designated as "UNSCR 435/78,"
Considering the conclusion of the bilateral agreement between
the People's Republic of Angola and the Republic of Cuba providing
for the redeployment toward the north and the staged and total
withdrawal of Cuban troops from the territory of the People's
Republic of Angola,
Recognizing the role of the United Nations Security Council in
implementing UNSCR 435/78 and in supporting the implementation of
the present agreement,
Affirming the sovereignty, sovereign equality, and independence
of all states of southwestern Africa,
Affirming the principle of noninterference in the internal
affairs of states,
Affirming the principle of abstention from the threat or use of
force against the territorial integrity or political independence
of states,
Reaffirming the right of the peoples of the southwestern region
of Africa to self-determination, independence, and equality of
rights, and of the states of southwestern Africa to peace,
development, and social progress,
Urging African and international cooperation for the settlement
of the problems of the development of the southwestern region of
Africa,
Expressing their appreciation for the mediating role of the
Government of the United States of America,
Desiring to contribute to the establishment of peace and
security in southwestern Africa,
Agree to the provisions set forth below:
- (1) The Parties shall immediately request the Secretary
General of the United Nations to seek authority from the Security
Council to commence implementation of UNSCR 435/78 on 1 April 1989.
- (2) All military forces of the Republic of South Africa shall
depart Namibia in accordance with UNSCR 435/78.
- (3) Consistent with the provisions of UNSCR 435/78, the
Republic of South Africa and People's Republic of Angola shall
cooperate with the Secretary General to ensure the independence of
Namibia through free and fair elections and shall abstain from any
action that could prevent the execution of UNSCR 435/78. The
Parties shall respect the territorial integrity and inviolability
of borders of Namibia and shall ensure that their territories are
not used by any state, organization, or person in connection with
acts of war, aggression, or violence against the territorial
integrity or inviolability of borders of Namibia or any other
action which could prevent the execution of UNSCR 435/78.
- (4) The People's Republic of Angola and the Republic of Cuba
shall implement the bilateral agreement, signed on the date of
signature of this agreement, providing for the redeployment toward
the north and the staged and total withdrawal of Cuban troops from
the territory of the People's Republic of Angola, and the
arrangements made with the Security Council of the United Nations
for the on-site verification of that withdrawal.
- (5) Consistent with their obligations under the Charter of the
United Nations, the Parties shall refrain from the threat or use of
force, and shall ensure that their respective territories are not
used by any state, organization, or person in connection with any
acts of war, aggression, or violence, against the territorial
integrity, inviolability of borders, or independence of any state
of southwestern Africa.
- (6) The Parties shall respect the principle of noninterference
in the internal affairs of the states of southwestern Africa.
- (7) The Parties shall comply in good faith with all
obligations undertaken in this agreement and shall resolve through
negotiation and in a spirit of cooperation any disputes with
respect to the interpretation or implementation thereof.
- (8) This agreement shall enter into force upon signature.
Signed at New York in triplicate in the Portuguese, Spanish,
and English languages, each language being equally authentic, this
22nd day of December 1988.
FOR THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA
Afonso Van Dúnem
FOR THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA
Isidoro Octavio Malmierca
FOR THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Roelof F. Botha
Bilateral Agreement, December 22, 1988
[Following is the unofficial United States translation of the
original Portuguese and Spanish texts of the agreement, with
annex.]
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
ANGOLA AND THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA FOR THE TERMINATION OF THE
INTERNATIONALIST MISSION OF THE CUBAN MILITARY CONTINGENT
The Governments of the People's Republic of Angola and the
Republic of Cuba hereinafter designated as the Parties,
Considering,
That the implementation of Resolution 435 of the Security
Council of the United Nations for the independence of Namibia shall
commence on the 1st of April,
That the question of the independence, of Namibia and the
safeguarding of the sovereignty, independence and territorial
integrity of the People's Republic of Angola are closely
interrelated with each other and with peace and security in the
region of southwestern Africa,
That on the date of signature of this agreement a tripartite
agreement among the Governments of the People's Republic of Angola,
the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa shall be
signed, containing the essential elements for the achievement of
peace in the region of southwestern Africa,
That acceptance of and strict compliance with the foregoing
will bring to an end the reasons which compelled the Government of
the People's Republic of Angola to request, in the legitimate
exercise of its rights under Article 51 of the United Nations
Charter, the deployment to Angolan territory of a Cuban
internationalist military contingent to guarantee, in cooperation
with the FAPLA [the Angolan Government army], its territorial
integrity and sovereignty in view of the invasion and occupation of
part of its territory,
Noting,
The agreements signed by the Governments of the People's
Republic of Angola and the Republic of Cuba on 4 February 1982 and
19 March 1984, the platform of the Government of the People's
Republic of Angola approved in November 1984, and the Protocol of
Brazzaville signed by the Governments of the People's Republic of
Angola, the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa on
December 13, 1988,
Taking into account,
That conditions now exist which make possible the repatriation
of the Cuban military contingent currently in Angolan territory and
the successful accomplishment of their internationalist
mission,
The Parties agree as follows:
Article 1
To commence the redeployment by stages to the 15th and 13th
parallels and the total withdrawal to Cuba of the 50,000 men who
constitute the Cuban troops contingent stationed in the People's
Republic of Angola, in accordance with the pace and time frame
established in the attached calendar, which is an integral part of
this agreement. The total withdrawal shall be completed by the 1st
of July, 1991.
Article 2
The Governments of the People's Republic of Angola and the
Republic of Cuba reserve the right to modify or alter their
obligations deriving from Article 1 of this agreement in the event
that flagrant violations of the tripartite agreement are
verified.
Article 3
The Parties, through the Secretary General of the United
Nations, hereby request that the Security Council verify the
redeployment and phased and total withdrawal of Cuban troops from
the territory of the People's Republic of Angola, and to this end
shall agree on a matching protocol.
Article 4
This agreement shall enter into force upon signature of the
tripartite agreement among the People's Republic of Angola, the
Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa.
Signed on 22 December 1988, at the Headquarters of the United
Nations, in two copies, in the Portuguese and Spanish languages,
each being equally authentic.
FOR THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA
Afonso Van Dúnem
FOR THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA
Isidoro Octavio Malmierca
Annex on Troop Withdrawal Schedule
CALENDAR
In compliance with Article 1 of the agreement between the
Government of the Republic of Cuba and the Government of the
People's Republic of Angola for the termination of the mission of
the Cuban internationalist military contingent stationed in Angolan
territory, the Parties establish the following calendar for the
withdrawal:
Time Frames
Prior to the first of April, 1989 (date of the beginning of
implementation of Resolution 435) 3,000 men
Total duration of the calendar
Starting from the first of April, 1989 27 months
Redeployment to the north:
to the 15th parallel by 1 August 1989
to the 13th parallel by 31 October 1989
Total men to be withdrawn:
by 1 November 1989 25,000 men
by 1 April 1990 33,000 men
by 1 October 1990 38,000 men
by July 1991 50,000 men
Taking as its base a Cuban force of 50,000 men.
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